2017 FORD EXPLORER LIMITED VIN 1FM5K7F81HGD79255

The Ford Explorer Limited described here left the factory in 2017. Power comes from a 3.5-litre petrol engine with six cylinders, rated at 290 hp. There is an automatic gearbox, with front-wheel drive. The specification is taken from the source data and has not been checked against other documents.

The source data puts the mileage at 102,302 miles. A clock converted from miles to kilometres should be documented, since the swap can hide the true mileage. Turning back an odometer takes little skill and leaves no visible trace, which is why earlier figures matter more than the display. Title paperwork often notes the mileage at each change of owner, which makes it a useful cross-check.

When the car was recorded, it showed side damage. Whether the damage has been repaired since, and how well, is not something a damage entry can show.

No key was available with the car, so a new one will have to be made and programmed. Running condition describes a single moment, and standing or work done since can change it.

Every car builds up a history from the day it is first registered: owners come and go, inspections are passed or failed, and repairs are paid for. A car’s paperwork is scattered: the registry knows about owners, the workshop about repairs and the insurance company about claims. A car’s past rarely shows on the paintwork: a well-repaired accident or water damage that was dried out is easy to miss.

A cold start, the colour of the exhaust smoke and any oil leaks tell a mechanic a good deal about how an engine has been treated. On a petrol engine, spark plugs, ignition coils and the cooling system are the routine items a service history should cover. The automatic gearbox needs its fluid changed at the manufacturer’s intervals, and invoices should show that it was.

A vehicle identification number has 17 characters: the first three name the manufacturer, the next six describe the model and its specification, and the last eight identify the individual car. The VIN on file for this car is 1FM5K7F81HGD79255. Scratches, fresh paint or a replaced plate around the VIN markings are warning signs in their own right.

What a history report can list depends on what has been documented about the car: registrations, mileage readings, damage, branded titles and theft reports. The absence of an entry is not proof that nothing happened; it may only mean that nobody wrote it down. A VIN check and a physical inspection answer different questions: the first says what happened to the car, the second what condition it is in now. The next step is to look up the history behind VIN 1FM5K7F81HGD79255.