2012 FORD EXPLORER XLT VIN 1FMHK7D97CGA78507

This Ford Explorer XLT is a 2012 model, finished in brown. Power reaches the wheels through an automatic gearbox. Power comes from a 2.0-litre petrol engine with four cylinders, rated at 240 hp. The specification is taken from the source data.

The clock stood at 147,467 miles when the data was entered. Because the clock counts miles, any figure noted in kilometres has to be converted before the two can be compared. Services and inspections note the distance covered, so a car with an ordinary past builds up a trail of figures that climb year after year. Figures carry most weight when they come from independent sources: workshops, inspection stations and past title paperwork.

This Ford Explorer XLT is recorded with front-end damage. Whether the damage has been repaired since, and how well, is not something a damage entry can show. Whatever the cause, a diagnostic scan of the car’s electronics shows fault codes that a visual check misses.

The car is recorded as running and driving. A key was noted with the car. Running condition describes a single moment, and standing or work done since can change it.

Title status in the record: salvage. Such a title means the car was declared a total loss and can return to the road only after repair and inspection. Once issued, a branded title stays with the VIN for good, and it affects registration and insurance for every later owner.

A car’s history is the sum of what has happened to it since it was new, and most of it has left a trace on paper somewhere. The paperwork is kept by different bodies – registries, workshops, insurance companies and lenders – so the history of one car is spread across many places. A clean, polished car can still hide a serious accident, a flood or years of hard use.

On a petrol engine, spark plugs, ignition coils and the cooling system are the routine items a service history should cover. The automatic gearbox should respond smoothly and without delay; jerks, slipping or hesitation on a test drive need investigating.

The ninth character of the VIN is a check digit calculated from the other sixteen, so a mistyped or invented number does not add up. For this car, the VIN is 1FMHK7D97CGA78507. A VIN that differs between the documents and the car, or shows signs of tampering, is reason enough to walk away.

A VIN report gathers what different sources know about a car, such as the number of owners, mileage readings, damage and any branded title. A repair paid for in cash at a small workshop leaves no trace in any database, so no report can list it. A professional inspection makes sense whatever the paperwork shows, because no report measures corrosion, worn bushes or a poor repair. Before any decision, check what is known about VIN 1FMHK7D97CGA78507.