2015 FORD F-150 XLT VIN 1FTEW1EG4FFA51569

This record covers a 2015 Ford F-150 XLT, finished in blue. The petrol engine has six cylinders. The drivetrain combines an automatic gearbox with four-wheel drive. Every figure for this car is given as it appears in the source data.

The recorded mileage is 25,348 miles. Because the clock counts miles, any figure noted in kilometres has to be converted before the two can be compared. The mileage is modest for the car’s age, but long spells of standing bring their own wear, from seized brakes to dried-out seals. A single figure proves little: what makes a mileage believable is a series of readings that rise steadily over the years. Older figures usually turn up on service invoices, inspection reports and past title paperwork.

No primary damage is given in the record for this car, which is not the same as proof that it has never been damaged. Water marks under the carpets, rust in unusual places or a panel in a slightly different shade would point to damage nobody ever entered.

A note in the source data says the car did not run. The engine would not start, which can mean anything from a flat battery to serious mechanical damage. No key is recorded with the car, and a replacement has to be coded to the immobiliser.

Title status in the record: salvage. Titles of this type are issued to cars declared a total loss. If any work has been done on the car since, photos and invoices should show what was replaced.

A car’s history is the sum of what has happened to it since it was new, and most of it has left a trace on paper somewhere. The paperwork is kept by different bodies – registries, workshops, insurance companies and lenders – so the history of one car is spread across many places. What a car has been through is seldom visible at first glance, and a respray can make even a badly damaged car look sound.

When a car does not run, a compression test and the condition of the oil tell a mechanic whether the engine can be brought back to life. On a petrol engine, spark plugs, ignition coils and the cooling system are the routine items a service history should cover. While the car does not run, stored fault codes and a look at the fluid are the only early evidence of how the automatic gearbox has fared. With four-wheel drive, mismatched tyres can strain the centre differential or coupling, so all four should be the same make and similarly worn.

The ninth character of the VIN is a check digit calculated from the other sixteen, so a mistyped or invented number does not add up. The record gives the VIN as 1FTEW1EG4FFA51569. Scratches, fresh paint or a replaced plate around the VIN markings are warning signs in their own right.

What a history report can list depends on what has been documented about the car: registrations, mileage readings, damage, branded titles and theft reports. A repair paid for in cash at a small workshop leaves no trace in any database, so no report can list it. A history report says nothing about the car’s present condition: the frame, corrosion, electrics and the quality of any repair are judged on a lift by a mechanic. With this 2015 Ford F-150 XLT, the first step is a look at the history behind VIN 1FTEW1EG4FFA51569.