2013 NISSAN ALTIMA 2.5 VIN 1N4AL3AP3DN408368

This Nissan Altima 2.5 is a 2013 model. Power comes from a 2.5-litre petrol engine with four cylinders. There is an automatic gearbox, with front-wheel drive.

At the time of recording, the car had covered 225,707 miles. A clock converted from miles to kilometres should be documented, since the swap can hide the true mileage. Averaged over the car’s age, the mileage works out well above the usual annual distance, and wear on the suspension, brakes and interior should be judged with that in mind. Services and inspections note the distance covered, so a car with an ordinary past builds up a trail of figures that climb year after year.

When the car was recorded, it showed minor dents and scratches. The damage type is a short label: the extent of the damage and the quality of any repair still have to be judged on the car. A lift and a diagnostic check show what photos cannot: bent brackets behind a panel, chafed wiring or deployed airbags.

The car is recorded as running and driving. A key was noted with the car. Condition notes are a snapshot: the car may have been worked on, stripped of parts or left standing since.

The car carries a salvage title. Such a title means the car was declared a total loss and can return to the road only after repair and inspection. A branded title follows the car through every change of owner, so it remains part of its history.

Behind every used car lies a string of events: who owned it and for how long, what the inspections found and which repairs and claims were made. The paperwork is kept by different bodies – registries, workshops, insurance companies and lenders – so the history of one car is spread across many places. From the outside, a car with a repaired accident and a car without one can look identical.

Regular oil changes and timely work on the timing belt or chain decide how well an engine copes with age. Many modern petrol engines are turbocharged and direct-injected; where they are, the turbocharger and injectors belong on a specialist’s checklist. Automatic transmissions, CVTs included, are expensive to repair, so the test drive should include pulling away from a standstill and a stretch at motorway speed.

Stamped into the body and printed on a plate, the VIN is the one identifier that stays with a car through every owner, registration and repair. For this car, the VIN is 1N4AL3AP3DN408368.

A VIN report shows what has been logged: earlier registrations, odometer figures, damage entries, branded titles and theft checks, wherever such data exists. A VIN check and a physical inspection answer different questions: the first says what happened to the car, the second what condition it is in now. The next step is to look up the history behind VIN 1N4AL3AP3DN408368.