2016 SUBARU FORESTER 2.5I TOURING VIN JF2SJAXC2GH558084

The Subaru Forester 2.5I Touring described here left the factory in 2016. Under the bonnet is a 2.5-litre petrol engine producing 170 hp. Power reaches the wheels through a CVT gearbox. Every figure for this car is given as it appears in the source data.

At the time of recording, the car had covered 219,385 miles. Miles and kilometres are easy to confuse, and a distance in miles looks lower than the same distance in kilometres. High mileage alone does not rule a car out; what matters is whether regular servicing kept pace with it. Gaps of several years between logged figures deserve attention, as does any reading lower than the one before it.

Primary damage in the record: rear end. A damage type says what kind of damage the car had, not how serious it was or whether it has been repaired since. Whatever the cause, a diagnostic scan of the car’s electronics shows fault codes that a visual check misses.

When checked, the car could be started and driven under its own power. A key is on file for the car.

Title status in the record: salvage. Titles of this type are issued to cars declared a total loss. Once issued, a branded title stays with the VIN for good, and it affects registration and insurance for every later owner.

A car’s history answers three questions: who kept it, how it was looked after and what went wrong along the way. No single office holds the whole story of a car: registries, workshops, insurance companies and lenders each keep their own part. What a car has been through is seldom visible at first glance, and a respray can make even a badly damaged car look sound.

A cold start, the colour of the exhaust smoke and any oil leaks tell a mechanic a good deal about how an engine has been treated. Many modern petrol engines are turbocharged and direct-injected; where they are, the turbocharger and injectors belong on a specialist’s checklist. Automatic transmissions, CVTs included, are expensive to repair, so the test drive should include pulling away from a standstill and a stretch at motorway speed. With all-wheel drive, mismatched tyres can strain the centre differential or coupling, so all four should be the same make and similarly worn.

A vehicle identification number has 17 characters: the first three name the manufacturer, the next six describe the model and its specification, and the last eight identify the individual car. For this car, the VIN is JF2SJAXC2GH558084. A VIN that differs between the documents and the car, or shows signs of tampering, is reason enough to walk away.

A VIN report gathers what different sources know about a car, such as the number of owners, mileage readings, damage and any branded title. A repair paid for in cash at a small workshop leaves no trace in any database, so no report can list it. A professional inspection makes sense whatever the paperwork shows, because no report measures corrosion, worn bushes or a poor repair. The next step is to look up the history behind VIN JF2SJAXC2GH558084.